The relationship between HIV status and clinical manifestations of urogenital infections in women during pregnancy: a scoping review / A relação entre o status de HIV e as manifestações clínicas das infecções urogenitais em mulheres durante o período gravídico: uma revisão de escopo

Introduction: Maternal and child health are essential to public health, especially during pregnancy, where urogenital infections can affect mothers and fetuses. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase obstetric risks and have complex connections with the human immunodeficiency virus ­ HIV. In Brazil, pregnant women with HIV are a growing concern, requiring focus and appropriate interventions. Objective: This study aimed to examine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of urogenital infections in pregnant women with and without HIV and to assess whether there are notable differences between these groups. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ­ Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Databases such as Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) were explored using relevant terms. Inclusion/exclusion criteria selected nine studies for analysis. A Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design (PICOS) approach directed the search. Results: Pregnant women with HIV had a high prevalence of STIs, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis. HIV infection appears to influence the risk and severity of urogenital infections. Pregnancy increases the risk of STIs, regardless of HIV status. Male partners may also influence the presence of STIs in pregnant women, especially those with HIV. Conclusion: This study highlights the association between HIV status and urogenital infections in pregnant women, indicating the need for appropriate screening and care. Prevention and treatment of STIs in pregnant women are essential for maternal and child health, regardless of HIV status. An in-depth understanding of these issues can improve public policies, clinical practices, and preventive interventions that target the overall health of these vulnerable populations.Keywords: HIV. Signs and symptoms. Female urogenital diseases and pregnancy complications. Pregnant women. Sexually transmitted infections

Introdução: A saúde materna e infantil é essencial na saúde pública, especialmente durante a gravidez, quando infecções urogenitais podem afetar mães e fetos. Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) aumentam riscos obstétricos e têm conexões complexas com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). No Brasil, gestantes com HIV são uma preocupação crescente, requerendo foco e intervenções adequadas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar as características clínicas e epidemiológicas das infecções urogenitais em mulheres grávidas com e sem HIV, avaliando se há diferenças notáveis entre esses grupos. Métodos: Uma revisão de escopo foi conduzida, seguindo as diretrizes Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - Extension for Scoping Reviews(PRISMA-ScR) e Joanna Briggs Institute. Bases de dados como Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) foram exploradas com termos relevantes. Os critérios de inclusão/exclusão selecionaram nove estudos para análise. Uma abordagem do tipo População, Intervenção, Comparação, Desfecho e Desenho do Estudo (PICOS) direcionou a pesquisa. Resultados: Mulheres grávidas com HIV apresentaram alta prevalência de IST, incluindo Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis e vaginose bacteriana. A infecção por HIV parece influenciar o risco e a gravidade das infecções urogenitais. A gravidez aumentou o risco de IST, independentemente do status de HIV. Os parceiros masculinos também podem influenciar a presença de IST em mulheres grávidas, especialmente aquelas com HIV. Conclusão: A associação entre o status de HIV e as infecções urogenitais em mulheres grávidas indica a necessidade de rastreamento e cuidado adequado. A prevenção e o tratamento de IST em gestantes são essenciais para a saúde materno-infantil, independentemente do status de HIV

Characterization of adolescent sexual practices. / Caracterização das práticas sexuais de adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits. METHOD: a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test. RESULTS: 21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.(1) Analysis of the sequence and time of initiation of sexual practices, demonstrating the diversity of sexual activities performed by adolescents. (2) Family context and low openness to dialogue and its correlation with the initiation of adolescent sexual practices. (3) Behavioral habits: association of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by adolescents with sexual activities.

Caracterização das práticas sexuais de adolescentes / Characterization of adolescent sexual practices / Caracterización de las relaciones sexuales adolescentes

Resumo Objetivo: caracterizar as práticas sexuais dos adolescentes e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, fontes de informações e hábitos comportamentais. Método: estudo descritivo observacional, transversal, conduzido com 85 adolescentes de escolas públicas de ensino fundamental e médio de um município do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado, autoaplicável e anônimo. A análise estatística realizada foi o teste do χ2 e teste de Fisher. Resultados: a iniciação da vida sexual foi de 21,2% através do sexo oral, com predominância o sexo feminino (94,4%), cor autorreferida parda (55,0%). A prática do sexo vaginal foi relatada em 31,8%, com idade média de iniciação aos 14,5 anos. O sexo feminino foi predominante (77,0%), com cor autorreferida parda (40,0%). A prática de sexo anal foi detectada em 7,1%, com média de idade aos 14,4 anos, prevalente no sexo feminino (83,3%), com cor autorreferida preta (50,0%). Ocorreu a associação entre o uso de álcool, drogas e tabaco com as práticas sexuais (p<0,05). Conclusão: detectou-se uma diversidade de práticas sexuais, associadas ao uso de substâncias, enfatizando a importância do papel do enfermeiro no planejamento e realização de intervenções de educação em saúde com os adolescentes e famílias.

Abstract Objective: to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits. Method: a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test. Results: 21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p<0.05). Conclusion: a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.

Resumen Objetivo: caracterizar las relaciones sexuales de los adolescentes y su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, fuentes de información y hábitos de comportamiento. Método: estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, realizado con 85 adolescentes de escuelas primarias y secundarias públicas de un municipio del estado de São Paulo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario estructurado, autoadministrado y anónimo. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de χ2 y la prueba de Fisher. Resultados: el 21,2 % inició su vida sexual a través del sexo oral, con predominio del sexo femenino (94,4 %), y siendo autodeclarados pardos (55,0 %). Las relaciones sexuales con penetración vaginal fueron reportada en 31,8% y con una edad media de inicio de 14,5 años. Predominó el sexo femenino (77,0%) y siendo autodeclaradas pardas (40,0%). La práctica de sexo anal se detectó en el 7,1%, con una edad media de 14,4 años, prevaleciendo el sexo femenino (83,3%) y siendo autodeclarados negros (50,0%). Hubo correspondencia entre el uso de alcohol, drogas y tabaco con las relaciones sexuales (p<0,05). Conclusión: se detectó una diversidad de relaciones sexuales asociadas al uso de sustancias psicoactivas, destacando la importancia del papel del enfermero en la planificación y realización de reuniones conjuntas sobre educación sanitaria con adolescentes y familias.